How do glucocorticoids affect immune function?

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that play a significant role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including immune function. The correct choice indicates that glucocorticoids suppress the immune response. This immunosuppressive effect is crucial in clinical practice, especially in managing autoimmune diseases, allergies, and preventing transplant rejection.

Glucocorticoids exert their effects primarily by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, which influences the transcription of numerous genes involved in the immune response. They inhibit the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes, including T and B cells, which are essential for adaptive immunity. Additionally, glucocorticoids can decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, further dampening the immune response.

In summary, glucocorticoids lead to a reduced capability of the immune system to respond effectively to pathogens and inflammation, making them powerful agents in controlling excessive immune responses but also increasing susceptibility to infections.