What is a significant risk factor associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy?

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy is a method of feeding individuals who cannot obtain nutrition through oral or enteral routes. One of the significant risks associated with TPN therapy is infection. This risk mainly arises from the need for intravenous access, typically through a central venous catheter. These catheters can become a pathway for bacteria to enter the bloodstream, leading to catheter-related bloodstream infections, sepsis, and other serious complications.

In addition, the sterile technique required during the preparation and administration of TPN can be challenging, especially in less controlled environments. The presence of hypertonic nutrient solutions in the TPN can also create an environment conducive to bacterial growth if not handled properly. Therefore, infection is a critical concern that healthcare providers must actively monitor for during TPN therapy.

While electrolyte imbalances, weight gain, and dehydration can occur in patients receiving TPN, they are typically considered manageable issues in comparison to the acute and serious nature of infections that can arise from the intravenous delivery system. Understanding the infection risk underscores the importance of proper catheter maintenance, aseptic techniques, and monitoring in patients receiving TPN.