What medication would be prescribed for family members exposed to tuberculosis?

Isoniazid is the appropriate medication prescribed for family members who have been exposed to tuberculosis (TB). This is primarily due to its role as a first-line preventive treatment. When individuals are identified as having been exposed to someone with active TB, isoniazid is administered to help prevent the development of the disease, particularly in individuals who may be at higher risk, such as young children or those with compromised immune systems.

Isoniazid works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of the bacterial cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This action effectively stops the growth of the bacteria, making it a key drug in TB prophylaxis, especially for people who have latent TB infection or who are at high risk of developing the disease after exposure.

While rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol are also important medications in the treatment of active tuberculosis, they are typically utilized in combination regimens for those who have already developed the disease rather than for preventative purposes. Therefore, isoniazid is the most appropriate choice for individuals who have been exposed to TB and need prophylaxis to minimize the risk of developing active disease.