Which adverse effect is commonly associated with adrenocorticosteroid therapy besides mood changes?

Adrenocorticosteroid therapy, commonly referred to as corticosteroid therapy, can lead to several adverse effects due to its impact on multiple body systems. Among these, fluid retention is a well-documented side effect. This occurs because corticosteroids can cause the kidneys to retain sodium and water, leading to an increase in blood volume and fluid retention.

The mechanism involves corticosteroids influencing the balance of electrolytes, particularly sodium, which can result in an increase in extracellular fluid. This fluid retention can manifest as edema, hypertension, and a shift in body weight. Such physiological changes are critical to monitor, especially in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy.

In contrast, decreased appetite, enhanced immune function, and increased fatigue are not typically associated with corticosteroid therapy. In fact, decreased appetite may be a side effect for some, but it is less prominent than fluid retention, which is almost routine during corticosteroid treatment. Enhanced immune function is generally not a side effect of corticosteroids, as these drugs can suppress immune responses. Lastly, while corticosteroids can have various effects on energy levels, increased fatigue is not a common direct outcome of their use.

Understanding these pharmacological effects is crucial for managing the side effects of therapy and ensuring patient safety.