Which clinical findings are important for monitoring in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? Select all that apply.

When monitoring a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), all selected clinical findings play a crucial role, but the focus here is on understanding why intake and output is vital.

Monitoring intake and output is essential for patients on TPN because it provides critical information about fluid balance. TPN solutions contain various electrolytes and fluids, and tracking this data helps assess kidney function and fluid retention, which can prevent complications like fluid overload, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Accurate recording allows healthcare providers to adjust the TPN formulation or fluid administration as needed to maintain homeostasis and support the patient’s overall hydration status.

In addition, glucose levels and serum electrolytes are also critical aspects of monitoring in TPN because patients are at risk for hyperglycemia or alterations in electrolytes due to the concentrated nature of the nutrition provided. Body temperature, while it can indicate infection or inflammation, is not as directly associated with the specific concerns of TPN management compared to the other parameters. Monitoring glucose and electrolytes alongside intake and output provides a comprehensive view of the patient's nutritional state and metabolic needs, ensuring safe and effective TPN administration.