Which condition could result from the excessive administration of glucose in children?

Excessive administration of glucose can lead to hyperglycemia, which is characterized by an abnormally high level of glucose in the bloodstream. In children, the body has limited capacity to manage an overload of glucose, particularly if the administration is rapid or exceeds the physiological needs.

This condition arises because the pancreas may not be able to secrete enough insulin to facilitate glucose uptake by cells, especially if the glucose is administered in a concentrated form. If glucose levels remain elevated for an extended period, this can lead to a range of metabolic disturbances, such as dehydration and potential damage to various organs.

Conversely, hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop too low, an unlikely scenario with excessive glucose administration. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that develops over time due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production, rather than from acute glucose overload. Renal failure is also not directly related to excessive glucose administration; while kidney function can be affected in various metabolic conditions, it's not a direct consequence of high glucose levels. Therefore, hyperglycemia is the most accurate condition that could result from the excessive administration of glucose in children.