Which factors are likely causes of hyponatremia? Select all that apply.

Hyponatremia, characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, can result from various physiological and pathological factors. Profuse diaphoresis is a correct factor that can lead to hyponatremia because excessive sweating results in a loss of water and electrolytes, particularly sodium. When sodium is lost faster than it is replaced, or if there is a disproportionate loss of sodium compared to water, hyponatremia can develop.

In contrast, the rapid intravenous infusion of D 5W, which is 5% dextrose in water, can contribute to hyponatremia by introducing free water into the bloodstream, diluting the sodium concentration. Excess sodium intake typically does not lead to hyponatremia but rather could cause hypernatremia if there is impaired water balance or inadequate renal function to excrete the excess sodium. Inadequate ADH (antidiuretic hormone) production usually leads to a state where the body cannot retain water, potentially causing hypernatremia, rather than hyponatremia.

Thus, profuse diaphoresis stands out as a clear cause of hyponatremia due to loss of sodium and water in a manner that disrupts the balance, emphasizing