Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with NSAID use?

The common adverse effect associated with NSAID use is gastrointestinal bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a crucial role in producing prostaglandins. Prostaglandins help maintain the protective mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract, regulate gastric acid secretion, and promote normal mucosal blood flow.

When NSAIDs inhibit these enzymes, particularly COX-1, it can lead to a decrease in the protective effects of prostaglandins. As a result, the gastric mucosa becomes more susceptible to injury from stomach acid, potentially leading to ulceration and bleeding. Clinical studies have consistently shown that the use of NSAIDs is associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects, especially when taken in high doses or over prolonged periods.

While weight gain, increased blood pressure, and hyperglycemia can be associated with certain medications, they are not directly linked to NSAID use in the same way that gastrointestinal complications are. Therefore, recognizing gastrointestinal bleeding as a key adverse effect of NSAIDs is critical for patient safety and management during treatment with these medications.